Percepciones del género y masculinidades dentro de la intervención psicológica
Resumen
Este artículo hace parte de un estudio doctoral realizado en la Universidad de Oporto titulado “Hegemonic Masculinity and Psychological Intervention in Ecuador: Positionings and Practice” y refleja los resultados obtenidos a partir de entrevistas cualitativas realizadas dentro del mismo. Se buscó vislumbrar la perspectiva de psicólogos en temas alrededor de o derivados de la masculinidad y el género, reflexionando sobre las formas en que se las trabaja en la consulta. A través de entrevistas cualitativas realizadas a 15 psicólogos se pudo obtener una perspectiva más clara alrededor de los posicionamientos que se mantienen en torno al género dentro de la terapia. Se observó que los psicólogos mantienen consciencia alrededor de los aspectos y efectos del género tanto en los pacientes como en sí mismos; no obstante, la conformidad, respeto al proceso terapéutico y/o falta de conocimiento alrededor de los mismos, impide que se realice un abordaje adecuado.
Citas
Addis, M. E. (2008). Gender and Depression in Men. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 15(3), 153-168.
Addis, M. E., & Hoffman, E. (2017). Men's depression and help-seeking through the lenses of gender. In The psychology of men and masculinities. (pp. 171-196). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000023-007
American Psychological Association. (2007). Guidelines for psychological practice with girls and women. Am Psychol, 62(9), 949-979. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.9.949
American Psychological Association. (2012). Guidelines for psychological practice with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Am Psychol, 67(1), 10-42. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024659
American Psychological Association. (2015). Guidelines for psychological practice with transgender and gender nonconforming people. Am Psychol, 70(9), 832-864. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039906
American Psychological Association. (2018). APA guidelines for psychological practice with boys and men
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Succesful Qualitative Research a practical guide for beginners. Sage Publications.
Brooks, G. R. (2010a). The crisis of masculinity. In Beyond the crisis of masculinity: A transtheoretical model for male-friendly therapy. (pp. 13-32). https://doi.org/10.1037/12073-001
Brooks, G. R. (2010b). How psychotherapy has failed boys and men. In Beyond the crisis of masculinity: A transtheoretical model for male-friendly therapy. (pp. 33-46). https://doi.org/10.1037/12073-002
Brooks, G. R. (2017). Counseling, psychotherapy, and psychological interventions for boys and men. In The psychology of men and masculinities. (pp. 317-345). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000023-012
Budge, S. L., & Moradi, B. (2018). Attending to gender in psychotherapy: Understanding and incorporating systems of power. J Clin Psychol, 74(11), 2014-2027. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22686
Carrera-Fernández, M. V., Lameiras-Fernández, M., & Rodríguez-Castro, Y. (2018). Performing intelligible genders through violence: bullying as gender practice and heteronormative control. Gender and Education, 30(3), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1203884
Cervantes, J. M. (2006). A New Understanding Of The Macho Male Image: Exploration Of The Mexican American Man. In M. E.-C. a. M. A. Stevens (Ed.), In the Room With Men: A Casebook of Therapeutic Change (pp. 197-224). US: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11411-010
Connell, R. (1995). Masculinities. Polity Press.
Connell, R., & Messerschmidt, J. (2005). Hegemonic Masculinity Rethinking the Concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859.
Cusack, J., Deane, F. P., Wilson, C. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2006). Emotional expression, perceptions of therapy, and help-seeking intentions in men attending therapy services. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7(2), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.7.2.69
Davis, J. M., & Liang, C. T. H. (2015). A test of the mediating role of gender role conflict: Latino masculinities and help-seeking attitudes. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 16(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035320
Donaldson, M. (1993). What is hegemonic masculinity? Theory and Society, 22(5), 643–657. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993540
Fernández, E. M., & Uribe, E. L. (2018). El Macho Guayaco: De La Calle A Las Figuras Mediáticas. Una Primera Mirada Revista de Estudios de Género La Ventana, 48, 139-167.
Fields, E. L., Bogart, L. M., Smith, K. C., Malebranche, D. J., Ellen, J., & Schuster, M. A. (2015). "I Always Felt I Had to Prove My Manhood": Homosexuality, Masculinity, Gender Role Strain, and HIV Risk Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men. Am J Public Health, 105(1), 122-131. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301866
Fuller, N. (2012). Repensando el Machismo Latinoamericano. Masculinity and Social Change, 1(2), 114-133. https://doi.org/10.4471/MCS.2012.08
Garay, A. A. D. (2019). Psicoterapia con perspectiva de género: Indagando posibilidades dentro del psicoanálisis contemporáneo. Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad – Revista Latinoamericana(33), 118-136.
Gilbert, L. A., & Rader, J. (2002). The Missing Discourse of Gender? The Counseling Psychologist, 30(4).
Gillon, E. (2008). Men, Masculinity, and Person-Centered Therapy. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychothera, 7(2).
Good, G. E., Gilbert, L. A., & Scher, M. (1990). Gender Aware Therapy: A synthesis of Feminist Therapy and Knowledge about Gender. Journal of Counseling & Development, 68, 376-380.
Good, G. E., Thomson, D. A., & Brathwaite, A. D. (2005). Men and therapy: critical concepts, theoretical frameworks, and research recommendations. J Clin Psychol, 61(6), 699-711. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20104
Griffith, D. M., & Jr., R. J. T. (2016). Men’s Physical Health and Health Behaviors. In Y. J. W. a. S. R. Wester (Ed.), APA Handbook of Men and Masculinities (pp. 709-730). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14594-032
Hearn, J. (2004). From Hegemonic Masculinity to the Hegemony of Men. Feminist Theory, 5(1), 49-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700104040813
Jewkes, R., & Morrell, R. (2018). Hegemonic Masculinity, Violence, and Gender Equality: Using Latent Class Analysis to Investigate the Origins and Correlates of Differences between Men. Men and Masculinities, 21(4), 547-571. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X17696171
Kilmartin, C., & McDermott, R. C. (2016). Violence and Masculinities. In Y. J. Wong & S. R. Wester (Eds.), APA Handbook of Men and Masculinities. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14594-028
Kiselica, M. S., Benton-Wright, S., & Englar-Carlson, M. (2016). Accentuating positive masculinity: A new foundation for the psychology of boys, men, and masculinity. In APA handbook of men and masculinities. (pp. 123-143). https://doi.org/10.1037/14594-006
Knudson-Martin, C. (2003). How to Avoid Gender Bias in Mental Health Treatment. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 14(3), 45-66. https://doi.org/10.1300/J085v14n03_04
Kogan, S. M., Cho, J., Barton, A. W., Duprey, E. B., Hicks, M. R., & Brown, G. L. (2017). The Influence of Community Disadvantage and Masculinity Ideology on Number of Sexual Partners: A Prospective Analysis of Young Adult, Rural Black Men. J Sex Res, 54(6), 795-801. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1223798
Levant, R. F., & Powell, W. A. (2017). The gender role strain paradigm. In The psychology of men and masculinities. (pp. 15-43). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000023-002
Macias-Esparza, L. K., & Ortiz, E. L. (2017). Una Propuesta Para Abordar La Doble Ceguera: La Terapia Familiar Crítica Sensible Al Género. Revista de Psicoterapia, 28(106), 129-148.
Marcos, J. M. (2015). Masculinidades y Salud Pública: Perspectivas Cualitativas desde un Enfoque Sensible al Género Universidad de Granada]. Granada. http://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/40030
Marcos, J. M., Avilés, N. R., Lozano, M. d. R., Cuadros, J. P., & Calvente, M. d. M. (2013). Performing, masculinity, influencing health: a qualitative mixed-methods study of Spanish young men. Global Health Action, 6(21134).
McDermott, R. C., Schwartz, J. P., & Rislin, J. L. (2016). Men's mental health: A biopsychosocial critique. In APA handbook of men and masculinities. (pp. 731-751). https://doi.org/10.1037/14594-033
Mellinger, T. N., & Liu, W. M. (2006). Men's issues in doctoral training: A survey of counseling psychology programs. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 37(2), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.37.2.196
Moita, G. (2006). A patologização da diversidade sexual: Homofobia no discurso de clínicos. Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais, 76, 53-72.
Nascimento, E. F. d., Gomes, R., & Rebello, L. E. F. d. S. (2009). Violência é coisa de homem? A “naturalização” da violência nas falas de homens jovens. Ciencia & Saúde Coletiva, 14(4), 1151-1157.
Nuñez, A., González, P., Talavera, G. A., Sanchez-Johnsen, L., Roesch, S. C., Davis, S. M., . . . Gallo, L. C. (2016). Machismo, Marianismo, and Negative Cognitive-Emotional Factors: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. J Lat Psychol, 4(4), 202-217. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000050
Ochoa, M. (2017). Interseccionalidades de masculinidad, raza y clase: apuntes para un concepto de masculinidades neocoloniales. Tabula Rasa(27), 355-373. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.455
Ojeda, L., & Organista, K. C. (2016). Latino American Men. In Y. J. W. a. S. R. Wester (Ed.), APA Handbook of Men and Masculinities (pp. 299-318). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14594-014
Paglia, C. (2008). Feminism Past and Present: Ideology, Action, and Reform. Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics, 16, 1-18. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/29737373
Pascoe, C. J., & Bridges, T. (2016). Exploring Masculinities (C. J. Pascoe & T. Bridges, Eds.). Oxford University Press.
Rivera Berruz, S. (2021). Latin American Feminism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Stanford University.
Sánchez, H. E. R. (2005). ¿El varón como factor de riesgo? Masculinidad y mortalidad por accidentes y otras causas violentas en la sierra de Sonora. Estudios Sociales: revista de Investigación Científica, 13(26), 28-65.
Santos, L. (2015). Homens e expressão emocional e afetiva: vozes de desconforto associadas a uma herança instituída. Configurações(15), 31-48. https://doi.org/10.4000/configuracoes.2593
Schwartz, J. P., & Tylka, T. L. (2008). Exploring entitlement as a moderator and mediator of the relationship between masculine gender role conflict and men's body esteem. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 9(2), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.9.2.67
Smiler, A. P. (2006). Conforming to Masculine Norms: Evidence for Validity among Adult Men and Women. Sex Roles, 54, 767–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9045-8
Strokoff, J., Halford, T. C., & Owen, J. (2016). Men and psychotherapy. In APA handbook of men and masculinities. (pp. 753-774). https://doi.org/10.1037/14594-034
Sullivan, L., Camic, P. M., & Brown, J. S. (2015). Masculinity, alexithymia, and fear of intimacy as predictors of UK men's attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. Br J Health Psychol, 20(1), 194-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12089
Tremblay, G., & L’heureux, P. (2005). Psychosocial Intervention with Men. International Journal of Men’s Health, 4(1), 55-72.
Viveros-Vigoya, M. (2016). Masculinities in the continuum of violence in Latin America. Feminist Theory, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700116645879
Wasylkiw, L., & Cairo, J. (2016). Help Seeking in Men: When Masculinity and Self-Compassion Collide. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 19(2), 234–242. https://doi.org/https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fmen0000086
WHO. (2019). World health statistics 2020: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. W. H. Organization.
Windmöller, N., & Zanello, V. (2016). Depression And Masculinities: A Systematic Literature Review Of Brazilian Journals. Psicologia em Estudo, 21(3), 437-449. https://doi.org/10.4025/psicolestud.v21i3.31896
Wolf, J., Williams, E. N., Darby, M., Herald, J., & Schultz, C. (2018). Just for Women? Feminist Multicultural Therapy with Male Clients. Sex Roles, 78, 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0819-y
Wong, Y. J., Pituch, K. A., & Rochlen, A. B. (2006). Men’s Restrictive Emotionality: An Investigation of Associations With Other Emotion-Related Constructs, Anxiety, and Underlying Dimensions. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7(2), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.7.2.113
Los derechos de autor son propiedad inalienable de los autores, quienes son los propietarios irrestrictos de sus derechos de propiedad intelectual. El contenido de los artículos científicos y de las publicaciones que aparecen en la revista es responsabilidad exclusiva de sus autores. La distribución de los artículos publicados en la Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador PUCE se realiza bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional License.